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Female Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System consists of Uterus, ovaries, Cervix & Vagina. Ovaries produce eggs & hormones.

Diseases of Ovary

1. Ovary Cyst

Cyst in ovary can be  benign. It may be a Functional cyst or Endometriotic cyst. These cysts need to be removed if they get big/ cause symptoms/ look suspicious. 

2. Ovarian Cancer

Any cyst/ tumour in Ovary can be cancer. This is treated after proper evaluation. 

3. 3rd Stage Ovarian Cancer

Many times, Ovarian Cancer has already spread to other structures at the time of detection. It can still be treated with special surgery and chemotherapy.

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Surgery for Ovarian Cancer

1. Resection

Ovarian Cyst/ Tumour is resected taking care not to rupture. Any spillage can increase the chance of spread & recurrence of cancer. This tumour is sometimes sent for biopsy intra operatively, known as Frozen section.

2. Omentectomy

Ovarian Cancer has tendency to spread via surface to surrounding structures like omentum. Omentum is a fatty layer inside abdomen, which is removed in surgery for Ovarian Cancer.

3. Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection

Ovary Cancer can spread to nodes inside abdomen and these are removed to remove cancer completely. 

4. Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection

All the nodes where ovarian cancer cells can reach are removed.

5. Peritonectomy

Ovarian Cancer tends by surface to inner lining of the abdomen, known as Peritoneum. This peritoneum is removed by the special surgery known as Peritonectomy.

Latest Technology

1. Laparoscopic Surgery

Ovarian Cyst/ Tumour can be removed by Laparoscopy, without a big cut. But caution is taken so that the cyst/tumour does not rupture.

2. HIPEC (Heated Intra PeritonealChemotherapy)

This is the special technique in which heated chemotherapy is circulated inside abdomen during surgery. It kills cancer cells directly inside abdomen while having minimal effect on rest of the body.

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